By Jack Calahan
Some of the earliest uses of hydraulic engineering were to irrigate the crops and dates back 2,000 years. They used it to control the movement and supply of water for growing food. Among the earliest hydraulic machines, the water clock was used in the early 2nd millennium BC. The water clock was very important for regulating the flow for agricultural endeavors. Some other early examples of using gravity to move water include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the similar - Turpan water system in ancient China as well as irrigation canals throughout Peru.
During ancient times in China, hydraulic engineering was more developed than in other countries, as engineers constructed huge canals with levees and dams to guide the flow of water mainly for farming irrigation, as well as locks to allow ships to pass through on their way to other destinations. The great Sunshu Ao is considered one of the first Chinese hydraulic engineers. yet another important Hydraulic Engineer in China, Ximen Bao is credited with starting the practice of large-scale canal irrigation during the middle ages. Even today hydraulic engineers retain a very respectable position in China and around the globe. Before becoming President, Hu Jintao was a hydraulic engineer and holds an engineering degree from the University of Tsinghua.
Eupalinos of Megara, was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos in the 6th century BC, an important feat of both civil and hydraulic engineering. The civil engineering aspect of this tunnel was the fact that it was dug from both ends which required the diggers to maintain an accurate path so that the two tunnels met and that the entire effort maintained a sufficient slope to allow the water to flow.
The art of hydraulic engineering was highly developed throughout Europe during the time of the Roman Empire where it was specifically applied to the construction and maintenance of aqueducts to supply water to help remove sewage from their massive cities. In addition to supplying the needs of their citizens they used hydraulic mining methods to prospect and extract valuable gold deposits in a technique known as hushing, and applied the methods to other ores such as those of tin and lead.
During the Islamic Golden Age, in the Muslim world between the 8th - 16th centuries BC, they made further advances in hydraulic engineering. Of particular importance was the 'water management technological complex' which was central to the Islamic Green Revolution and by close extension, a precondition for the emergence of modern technology. The vast and various components of this system were developed in different parts of Europe and Asia, both within and beyond the Islamic world. It is important to note that it was in the Islamic lands where the technological complex was assembled and standardized, and subsequently passed to the rest of the world.
During ancient times in China, hydraulic engineering was more developed than in other countries, as engineers constructed huge canals with levees and dams to guide the flow of water mainly for farming irrigation, as well as locks to allow ships to pass through on their way to other destinations. The great Sunshu Ao is considered one of the first Chinese hydraulic engineers. yet another important Hydraulic Engineer in China, Ximen Bao is credited with starting the practice of large-scale canal irrigation during the middle ages. Even today hydraulic engineers retain a very respectable position in China and around the globe. Before becoming President, Hu Jintao was a hydraulic engineer and holds an engineering degree from the University of Tsinghua.
Eupalinos of Megara, was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos in the 6th century BC, an important feat of both civil and hydraulic engineering. The civil engineering aspect of this tunnel was the fact that it was dug from both ends which required the diggers to maintain an accurate path so that the two tunnels met and that the entire effort maintained a sufficient slope to allow the water to flow.
The art of hydraulic engineering was highly developed throughout Europe during the time of the Roman Empire where it was specifically applied to the construction and maintenance of aqueducts to supply water to help remove sewage from their massive cities. In addition to supplying the needs of their citizens they used hydraulic mining methods to prospect and extract valuable gold deposits in a technique known as hushing, and applied the methods to other ores such as those of tin and lead.
During the Islamic Golden Age, in the Muslim world between the 8th - 16th centuries BC, they made further advances in hydraulic engineering. Of particular importance was the 'water management technological complex' which was central to the Islamic Green Revolution and by close extension, a precondition for the emergence of modern technology. The vast and various components of this system were developed in different parts of Europe and Asia, both within and beyond the Islamic world. It is important to note that it was in the Islamic lands where the technological complex was assembled and standardized, and subsequently passed to the rest of the world.
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